“Manufactured Certainty and the Curiosity Industrial COmplex”
The White Paper
THE PROBLEM
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In 2023, ProPublica exposed an industry selling guaranteed research publications to high school students for thousands of dollars. The investigation named the problem. This paper names the mechanism — and the alternative. "Manufactured Certainty" is the first systematic analysis of how pay-for-play research programs structurally eliminate the uncertainty that makes real research formative. Written from Seoul by a researcher who spent 20 years choosing fieldwork over the private education industry, it asks what we lose when curiosity becomes a commodity.